Fabrication of freshness indicators based on methylcellulose-containing color indicator solutions for monitoring the quality of coconut water.

This is the first study to apply intelligent packaging to coconut water. The purpose of this study was to determine the best color indicator solution for making freshness indicator labels based on methylcellulose along with the color change profile of coconut water during storage at room temperature. Three color indicator solutions were used, namely phenol red, bromothymol blue, and methyl red, which were then continued with the fabrication of freshness indicator labels based on methylcellulose from each of these color indicator solutions and applied to coconut water at 25 °C room temperature storage for 24 h with observations every 4 h in the form of pH, total dissolved solids, total acid, turbidity, total microbes, CO2 gas, O2 gas, and freshness indicator label color changes. The values of pH, total soluble solids, and O2 gas decreased with storage time, whereas the values of total acid, turbidity, total microbes, and CO2 gas continued to increase. The methylcellulose-based phenol red freshness indicator label provides the best color change profile that matches the freshness condition of coconut water, namely purplish red (fresh), orange (immediately consumed), and yellow (damaged) so that it can be used as intelligent packaging to monitor the quality of coconut water.

An overview of image-based phenotyping as an adaptive 4.0 technology for studying plant abiotic stress: A bibliometric and literature review.

Improving the tolerance of crop species to abiotic stresses that limit plant growth and productivity is essential for mitigating the emerging problems of global warming. In this context, imaged data analysis represents an effective method in the 4.0 technology era, where this method has the non-destructive and recursive characterization of plant phenotypic traits as selection criteria. So, the plant breeders are helped in the development of adapted and climate-resilient crop varieties. Although image-based phenotyping has recently resulted in remarkable improvements for identifying the crop status under a range of growing conditions, the topic of its application for assessing the plant behavioral responses to abiotic stressors has not yet been extensively reviewed. For such a purpose, bibliometric analysis is an ideal analytical concept to analyze the evolution and interplay of image-based phenotyping to abiotic stresses by objectively reviewing the literature in light of existing database. Bibliometricy, a bibliometric analysis was applied using a systematic methodology which involved data mining, mining data improvement and analysis, and manuscript construction. The obtained results indicate that there are 554 documents related to image-based phenotyping to abiotic stress until 5 January 2023. All document showed the future development trends of image-based phenotyping will be mainly centered in the United States, European continent and China. The keywords analysis major focus to the application of 4.0 technology and machine learning in plant breeding, especially to create the tolerant variety under abiotic stresses. Drought and saline become an abiotic stress often using image-based phenotyping. Besides that, the rice, wheat and maize as the main commodities in this topic. In conclusion, the present work provides information on resolutive interactions in developing image-based phenotyping to abiotic stress, especially optimizing high-throughput sensors in image-based phenotyping for the future development.

Is the use of biosensor in monitoring food quality experiencing an uplift trend over the last 30 years?: A bibliometric analysis.

Recently, there has been intense competition among food industries worldwide as they strive to fulfill the ever-growing consumer expectations regarding both the quantity and quality of food. The increasing demand for high-quality food has motivated researchers and academics to constantly innovate and develop real-time and precise tools for monitoring food quality. One such tool that has emerged is biosensors, which have already been widely investigated; however, no bibliometric reviews have discussed biosensor use holistically, comprehensively, and objectively. Therefore, this review aimed to analyze the trend of biosensor publications for monitoring food quality based on the number of documents published from 1991 to 2021, analyze the contribution of various journals, institutions, and cooperation between countries, highlight the most influential authors and articles, and predict the development of this topic. The Method used in this study is bibliometric analysis which consists of four stages, namely data mining from the Scopus database which are limited to data for the last 30 years (1991-2021), refining data, data visualization and interpretation data. There are 604 articles obtained from Scopus and visualization shows that biosensor use for monitoring food quality has significantly increased in the past three decades. Biosensors and Bioelectronics is the leading journal in publishing manuscripts on the topic of biosensors. In terms of the largest contribution, China produced the highest number of publications on related topics, while the United States has the highest collaborations between countries. Moreover, Whitcombe MJ has the most influential articles, while Wang S had the largest number of outputs. The frequently used keywords are "biosensors," "food safety," and "food analysis." These results are important references to determine the state of the art and directions for further investigations.

A Review on Biopolymer-Based Biodegradable Film for Food Packaging: Trends over the Last Decade and Future Research.

In recent years, much attention has been paid to the use of biopolymers as food packaging materials due to their important characteristics and properties. These include non-toxicity, ease of availability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, indicating their potential as an alternative to conventional plastic packaging that has long been under environmental scrutiny. Given the current focus on sustainable development, it is imperative to develop studies on biopolymers as eco-friendly and sustainable food packaging materials. Therefore, the aim of this review is to explore trends and characteristics of biopolymer-based biodegradable films for food packaging, analyze the contribution of various journals and cooperation between countries, highlight the most influential authors and articles, and provide an overview of the social, environmental, and economic aspects of biodegradable films for food packaging. To achieve this goal, a bibliometric analysis and systematic review based on the PRISMA method were conducted. Relevant articles were carefully selected from the Scopus database. A bibliometric analysis was also conducted to discuss holistically, comprehensively, and objectively biodegradable films for food packaging. An increasing interest was found in this study, especially in the last 3 years with Brazil and China leading the number of papers on biodegradable films for food packaging, which were responsible for 20.4% and 12.5% of the published papers, respectively. The results of the keyword analysis based on the period revealed that the addition of bioactive compounds into packaging films is very promising because it can increase the quality and safety of packaged food. These results reveal that biodegradable films demonstrate a positive and promising trend as food packaging materials that are environmentally friendly and promote sustainability.

A bibliometrics visualization analysis of active packaging system for food packaging.

This bibliometric study includes publications on the use of active packaging in food packaging from 2000 to 2021. The number of research related to this study tends to increase annually with an annual growth rate of 23.76%, totaling 857 articles. In this study it was found that the most influential countries in the field of Active Packaging are Spain, China, and Brazil. Moreover, the International Journal of Biological Macromolecules and Nerín are the most prolific journal and author in scientific publications, respectively. Active packaging, food packaging, and antimicrobial are often used based on the total link strength out of the 1,775 keywords. The keyword analysis based on time found new terms that are being studied by many researchers, namely, bioplastics as environmentally friendly packaging, based on polysaccharides and nanoparticles, which have the potential to be developed or collaborated for breakthroughs. Therefore, the use of active packaging shows a promising trend for the packaging industry in the future.

Quality and Shelf-Life Evaluation of Fresh Beef Stored in Smart Packaging.

Beef is a perishable food product susceptible to deterioration due to microbial growth. Therefore, this study aimed to ascertain how active and intelligent packaging performs by tracking the change in the quality of fresh beef stored at low temperatures. The intelligent packaging method employed indicators with solutions of Bromo Phenol Blue (BPB) and Phenol Red (PR) to monitor the change in beef quality. Additionally, active packaging used garlic extract with various concentrations at 0%, 15%, and 20% to maintain the quality of beef packaged at 10 °C temperatures. The findings illustrated that a packaging indicator label can be implemented to monitor the change in the quality of fresh beef stored at 10 °C temperatures. This was signified by a change in the indicator color from dark yellow to orange and red, fading to purple. Meanwhile, observations on active packaging demonstrated that 15% and 20% of garlic extract were the most effective approaches for preserving beef quality. The correlation level of indicator label color analysis and the effectiveness of active packaging with all beef spoilage metrics demonstrated a positive correlation in preserving quality and identifying the degree of beef damage. Therefore, these active and intelligent packaging indicators can be applied to monitor and retain the quality of packaged beef.

A Simple Combination of Active and Intelligent Packaging Based on Garlic Extract and Indicator Solution in Extending and Monitoring the Meat Quality Stored at Cold Temperature.

Safety and quality, as the major concerns of meat, are highly dependent on the ingredients and packaging techniques used. A basic combination of active and intelligent packaging is believed to be capable of preserving product quality, extending shelf life, and monitoring product deterioration. Therefore, this study aimed to extend and monitor the beef quality at cold temperatures (4 ± 1 °C). The active packaging applied garlic extract (0%, 15%, and 20% (w/w)) to release anti-microbial agents. Meanwhile, the intelligent paper applied a combination of bromothymol blue (BTB) and phenol red (PR) solutions at pH 5.00. The results showed that beef packed without the addition of garlic extract had already deteriorated on the 6th day of storage while, with the addition of garlic extract (15% and 20%) rotted on the 12th day. The intelligent indication label's color profile changed from dark yellow (fresh), to reddish-yellow (to be consumed immediately), to faded red (rotten). The color change of the intelligent indicator label in response to all meat deterioration criteria demonstrates a linear correlation for determining the extent of rottenness during storage. Therefore, this simple combination of active paper and intelligent indicator can be used to extend the shelf life and monitor meat quality.

Application of an Intelligent Sensor and Active Packaging System Based on the Bacterial Cellulose of Acetobacter xylinum to Meat Products.

Combining intelligent and active packaging serves the dual purpose of detecting color changes in food that reflect changes in its quality and prolonging its shelf life. This study developed an intelligent and active packaging system made from the cellulose of Acetobacter xylinum and assessed its ability to detect changes in the quality and to increase shelf-life of packaged fresh beef. The properties of the intelligent packaging's sensor and active packaging films were determined. The application of this system to fresh beef stored at room temperature (28 ± 2 °C) for 24 h was tested. The color of the bromothymol blue (BTB) solution (pH 2.75) in the indicator of the intelligent packaging system changed from orange to dark green to indicate that beef quality changed from fresh to rotten. The meat treated with the active packaging with 10% and 15% garlic extract decayed on the 16th h. In contrast, the meat treated with the active packaging without the garlic extracts rotted on the 12th h. The shift in the indicator's color was linearly related to the total plate count (TPC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), and pH of the meat packaged using the active packaging system. Therefore, BTB solution (pH 2.75) can be used as an intelligent packaging indicator that will allow consumers to assess the quality of packaged meat easily. As an antimicrobial agent, the addition of 10-15% garlic extract to the active packaging films can help delay the spoilage of packaged beef.

Analysis of antioxidant activity on cocktail honey products as female pre-conception supplements.

OBJECTIVE: Cocktail honey is derived from a mixture of honey (trigona sp.), bee bread, and homogeneous royal jelly. The material has a phenolic content rich in antioxidants that are beneficial for women's reproductive health, especially for pre-conception, because it can suppress the content of free radicals in the body. Antioxidants are useful to overcome oxidative damage due to free radicals in the body that prevent various diseases from increasing fertility during pre-conception. METHOD: This study used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test method using UV-vis spectrophotometry to express the value of free radical reduction activity as IC50 (inhibitory concentration) values. RESULTS: The DPPH test on cocktail honey products obtained an average yield of 4577.7µg/mL, which was included in the product category was very weak in the antioxidant activity content. CONCLUSION: The content contained in the honey cocktail contains weak bioactive content by assessing the antioxidant content using DPPH. The difference in the results of antioxidant activity tests using DPPH is caused by the test method and the conditions used in processing, homogeneous ingredients, solvent volume, extraction time, temperature, and pressure in product management.

Ginger honey affects cortisol, estrogen and glutathione levels; preliminary study to target preconceptional women.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to determine the effect of ginger honey supplementation on cortisol, glutathione, and estrogen levels. The study was conducted on mice that had not yet experienced conception, and prior stress induction was carried out so that they could be continued for human trials at the preconception stage and subjects who experienced mild stress. METHOD: It was an in vivo study, pretest-posttest control group design. The sample of this study was 2-3 months female Balb/c mice, divided into negative control and ginger honey intervention as much as 28mg/20g BW for 14 days-the ELISA method used to examine cortisol hormone, glutathione levels, and estrogen levels. The mice chosen were those that had never experienced conception, and before the intervention, swimming activities were carried out on the mice until they showed symptoms of stress. RESULTS: Results show 42mg/20g BW of ginger honey administration for 14 days increased 1.892 ng/dl of cortisol (p = 0.165), increased 2.438 ng/dl of glutathione (p=0.002), and also increased 22.754ng/ml estrogen levels in induced stress Balb/c female mice (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Ginger honey did not affect reducing cortisol levels but increasing glutathione and estrogen levels significantly. Ginger honey supplements are the potential to use as complementary therapies.

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) consumption as a nutrition source for mild anemia.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to describe an intervention that utilizes dates as a source of nutrition for pregnant women to increase hemoglobin levels in the blood in anemia incidence. The findings in this study are related to the use of dates to increase hemoglobin levels in the blood in pregnant women. METHODS: This study uses search databases used in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the initial search for articles are dates and hemoglobin obtained as many as 189 articles. At the time of using the keywords dates, hemoglobin, anemia by obtaining 15 articles and which are used only 10 articles according to the analysis of the purpose, suitability of the topic, the method of research used, sample size, research ethics, the results of each article, as well as limitations that occur. RESULT: Anemia in pregnant women causes hemoglobin (Hb) levels to decrease in the blood; the capacity of oxygen transfer to meet the needs of vital organs in the mother and fetus is reduced. All literature reviewed shows that administration of dates increases hemoglobin levels; only one literature shows no influence of consumes date juice on hemoglobin level. The majority of the literature reviewed is mild anemia. CONCLUSION: There are effective results in the implementation of health promotion of increased hemoglobin levels in the blood in pregnant women by utilizing dates as a source of nutrition.

Analysis of cocktail honey content as a supplementary preparation in preconception women.

OBJECTIVE: This study is basic research carried out to measure the nutritional content of the honey cocktail product, an herbal therapy as a complementary treatment in addressing reproductive health problems and improving the nutritional status of preconception women. The purpose of this research is to know the ingredients in honey cocktail products. METHOD: The stage of this study is; choose a sample, processing honey cocktail, and testing the parameters. This study used three main raw materials, namely honey, royal jelly, and bee bread. The honey used is Trigona sp. The three primary raw materials used have been processed from the Halal Center of Hasanuddin University. Honey cocktail processing will use a mixture of 100g Trigona sp. honey, 100g royal jelly, and 100g bee bread, then be homogenized using a magnetic stirrer for ±15min. Honey quality testing is conducted to determine the nutritional content of the honey cocktail supplement, such as vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, sugars (sucrose and glucose), hydroxymethylfurfural, and metals, and water. This study also examined the metal contamination, ash, and fat level. RESULTS: The results of the test content in the cocktail honey supplement found in 100ml containing 61.9g carbohydrates, 0.7g of protein, 2.3mg of phosphorus, 0.3mg of iron, 1736.27µg/g of potassium, as much calcium 48.35µg/g, 0.2mg of manganese, 0.04mg of fat content, and 2.84% of vitamin A. in addition, cocktail honey also contains 3.8% sucrose, 78% glucose, HMF 48.63mg/kg, Cu <0.01µg/g, PB 0.05µg/g, arsenic <0.01, acidity 49.62ml NaOH/kg, an ash content of 0.2%, and moisture content of 18.24%. CONCLUSION: The conclusion in this study cocktail honey samples meets the honey quality requirements following the Indonesian national standard. So that the cocktail honey supplement has good quality and is safe for consumption.

Effect of royal jelly to deal with stress oxidative in preconception women: A literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Oxidative stress that occurs in preconception women can disrupt the reproductive system to cause infertility. The antioxidants contained in royal jelly can overcome oxidative stress due to low antioxidants in the body. The purpose of this study is to examine studies of the content of royal jelly, antioxidant activity, and the effectiveness of royal jelly in dealing with oxidative stress in preconception women. METHOD: This research method is an electronic database search using keywords according to questions in research from the online library PubMed, content science, and Science Direct. RESULT: a study review conducted in 6 research journals stated that the use of royal jelly as a supplement containing 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic (10-HDA) increases glutathione levels, as well as lipid peroxidation inhibitors. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of royal jelly to overcome oxidative stress in preconception women can be assessed from the content of royal jelly and antioxidant activity that can increase the glutathione levels and inhibit increased lipid peroxidation, which is a sign of oxidative stress.

From Plantation to Cup: Changes in Bioactive Compounds during Coffee Processing.

Coffee is consumed not just for its flavor, but also for its health advantages. The quality of coffee beverages is affected by a number of elements and a series of processes, including: the environment, cultivation, post-harvest, fermentation, storage, roasting, and brewing to produce a cup of coffee. The chemical components of coffee beans alter throughout this procedure. The purpose of this article is to present information about changes in chemical components and bioactive compounds in coffee during preharvest and postharvest. The selection of the appropriate cherry maturity level is the first step in the coffee manufacturing process. The coffee cherry has specific flavor-precursor components and other chemical components that become raw materials in the fermentation process. During the fermentation process, there are not many changes in the phenolic or other bioactive components of coffee. Metabolites fermented by microbes diffuse into the seeds, which improves their quality. A germination process occurs during wet processing, which increases the quantity of amino acids, while the dry process induces an increase in non-protein amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the roasting process, there is a change in the aroma precursors from the phenolic compounds, especially chlorogenic acid, amino acids, and sugars found in coffee beans, to produce a distinctive coffee taste.

Status of breast care during pregnancy with milk production and disease.

BACKGROUND: Breast care is an important routine during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Its absence leads to inadequate milk production before and after childbirth. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the status of breast care during pregnancy, which is related to milk production and disease after childbirth in the Tinggede Health Center, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. METHODS: The method used was an analytic survey with a cross-sectional approach and the samples were 82 breastfeeding mothers in the working area of the Tinggede Health Center. The sampling used a total population, and data were obtained by interview and observation. Furthermore, the analysis technique used Chi-Square. RESULTS: The results showed there was a relationship between breast care during pregnancy with milk production (p = 0.001), and breast care status with a disease (p = 0.012). The common diseases suffered by breastfeeding mothers due to inadequate care are non-protruding nipples, infections, blocked milk ducts, mastitis, and lumps. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding mothers' failure to care for their breasts during pregnancy can lead to lack of milk production and diseases such as non-protruding nipples, infections, blocked milk ducts, mastitis, and lumps.

Analysis of antioxidant activity on cocktail honey products as female pre-conception supplements

Objective: Cocktail honey is derived from a mixture of honey (trigona sp.), bee bread, and homogeneous royal jelly. The material has a phenolic content rich in antioxidants that are beneficial for women's reproductive health, especially for pre-conception, because it can suppress the content of free radicals in the body. Antioxidants are useful to overcome oxidative damage due to free radicals in the body that prevent various diseases from increasing fertility during pre-conception. Method: This study used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test method using UV–vis spectrophotometry to express the value of free radical reduction activity as IC50 (inhibitory concentration) values. Results: The DPPH test on cocktail honey products obtained an average yield of 4577.7 μg/mL, which was included in the product category was very weak in the antioxidant activity content. Conclusion: The content contained in the honey cocktail contains weak bioactive content by assessing the antioxidant content using DPPH. The difference in the results of antioxidant activity tests using DPPH is caused by the test method and the conditions used in processing, homogeneous ingredients, solvent volume, extraction time, temperature, and pressure in product management. (AU)

Ginger honey affects cortisol, estrogen and glutathione levels; preliminary study to target preconceptional women

Objective: This study was aimed to determine the effect of ginger honey supplementation on cortisol, glutathione, and estrogen levels. The study was conducted on mice that had not yet experienced conception, and prior stress induction was carried out so that they could be continued for human trials at the preconception stage and subjects who experienced mild stress. Method: It was an in vivo study, pretest–posttest control group design. The sample of this study was 2–3 months female Balb/c mice, divided into negative control and ginger honey intervention as much as 28 mg/20 g BW for 14 days—the ELISA method used to examine cortisol hormone, glutathione levels, and estrogen levels. The mice chosen were those that had never experienced conception, and before the intervention, swimming activities were carried out on the mice until they showed symptoms of stress. Results: Results show 42 mg/20 g BW of ginger honey administration for 14 days increased 1.892 ng/dl of cortisol (p = 0.165), increased 2.438 ng/dl of glutathione (p = 0.002), and also increased 22.754 ng/ml estrogen levels in induced stress Balb/c female mice (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Ginger honey did not affect reducing cortisol levels but increasing glutathione and estrogen levels significantly. Ginger honey supplements are the potential to use as complementary therapies. (AU)

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) consumption as a nutrition source for mild anemia

Objective: The purpose of this review is to describe an intervention that utilizes dates as a source of nutrition for pregnant women to increase hemoglobin levels in the blood in anemia incidence. The findings in this study are related to the use of dates to increase hemoglobin levels in the blood in pregnant women. Methods: This study uses search databases used in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the initial search for articles are dates and hemoglobin obtained as many as 189 articles. At the time of using the keywords dates, hemoglobin, anemia by obtaining 15 articles and which are used only 10 articles according to the analysis of the purpose, suitability of the topic, the method of research used, sample size, research ethics, the results of each article, as well as limitations that occur. Result: Anemia in pregnant women causes hemoglobin (Hb) levels to decrease in the blood; the capacity of oxygen transfer to meet the needs of vital organs in the mother and fetus is reduced. All literature reviewed shows that administration of dates increases hemoglobin levels; only one literature shows no influence of consumes date juice on hemoglobin level. The majority of the literature reviewed is mild anemia. Conclusion: There are effective results in the implementation of health promotion of increased hemoglobin levels in the blood in pregnant women by utilizing dates as a source of nutrition. (AU)

Effect of royal jelly to deal with stress oxidative in preconception women: A literature review

Introduction: Oxidative stress that occurs in preconception women can disrupt the reproductive system to cause infertility. The antioxidants contained in royal jelly can overcome oxidative stress due to low antioxidants in the body. The purpose of this study is to examine studies of the content of royal jelly, antioxidant activity, and the effectiveness of royal jelly in dealing with oxidative stress in preconception women. Method: This research method is an electronic database search using keywords according to questions in research from the online library PubMed, content science, and Science Direct. Result: a study review conducted in 6 research journals stated that the use of royal jelly as a supplement containing 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic (10-HDA) increases glutathione levels, as well as lipid peroxidation inhibitors. Conclusion: The effectiveness of royal jelly to overcome oxidative stress in preconception women can be assessed from the content of royal jelly and antioxidant activity that can increase the glutathione levels and inhibit increased lipid peroxidation, which is a sign of oxidative stress. (AU)

Analysis of cocktail honey content as a supplementary preparation in preconception women

Objective: This study is basic research carried out to measure the nutritional content of the honey cocktail product, an herbal therapy as a complementary treatment in addressing reproductive health problems and improving the nutritional status of preconception women. The purpose of this research is to know the ingredients in honey cocktail products. Method: The stage of this study is; choose a sample, processing honey cocktail, and testing the parameters. This study used three main raw materials, namely honey, royal jelly, and bee bread. The honey used is Trigona sp. The three primary raw materials used have been processed from the Halal Center of Hasanuddin University. Honey cocktail processing will use a mixture of 100 g Trigona sp. honey, 100 g royal jelly, and 100 g bee bread, then be homogenized using a magnetic stirrer for ±15 min. Honey quality testing is conducted to determine the nutritional content of the honey cocktail supplement, such as vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, sugars (sucrose and glucose), hydroxymethylfurfural, and metals, and water. This study also examined the metal contamination, ash, and fat level. Results: The results of the test content in the cocktail honey supplement found in 100 ml containing 61.9 g carbohydrates, 0.7 g of protein, 2.3 mg of phosphorus, 0.3 mg of iron, 1736.27 μg/g of potassium, as much calcium 48.35 μg/g, 0.2 mg of manganese, 0.04 mg of fat content, and 2.84% of vitamin A. in addition, cocktail honey also contains 3.8% sucrose, 78% glucose, HMF 48.63 mg/kg, Cu <0.01 μg/g, PB 0.05 μg/g, arsenic <0.01, acidity 49.62 ml NaOH/kg, an ash content of 0.2%, and moisture content of 18.24%. Conclusion: The conclusion in this study cocktail honey samples meets the honey quality requirements following the Indonesian national standard. So that the cocktail honey supplement has good quality and is safe for consumption. (AU)